Women Who Defied Traditional Gender Roles
One lesser-known historical woman who defied traditional gender roles and changed history was Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, an English aristocrat, writer, and early advocate for smallpox inoculation in the 18th century. Born in 1689, Lady Mary lived in a time when women, especially of her social class, were expected to focus on domestic roles, avoiding public life and intellectual pursuits.
However, she was an exception to these norms, becoming a respected intellectual and writer, and most notably, a medical pioneer who played a key role in introducing smallpox inoculation to Europe.
During her time as the wife of the British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, Lady Mary witnessed the practice of variolation, a method used in the Middle East to immunize people against smallpox. Smallpox was a deadly disease that had no cure in Europe at the time.
Lady Mary, having survived smallpox herself, saw the potential of this method and had her son inoculated while in Turkey. Upon her return to England, she passionately advocated for the practice, having her daughter publicly inoculated in front of medical professionals to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Her promotion of inoculation met with resistance, as both the medical community and society were skeptical of a foreign practice, especially one championed by a woman.
