Today in Black History
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Civil Rights leader and former Executive Director of the NAACP, Roy Wilkins died on September 8, 1981, in New York City at age 80.
He began work as a journalist for the Minnesota Daily and became editor for an African American newspaper named "The St. Paul Appeal" and later editor of the Kansas City Call. Wilkins moved on to the NAACP as Asst Secretary from 1931-1934. and replaced W.E.B. Du Bois as Editor of the NAACP's Crisis magazine.
Today in Black History
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π₯°THE OPRAH WINFREY SHOW DEBUTS NATIONWIDE (1986)
On September 8, 1986, The Oprah Winfrey Show debuts Nationwide making the host the first African American woman to host a nationally syndicated television talk show.
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Twenty brave young African American students began school at previously segregated schools in Alabama on September 10, 1963. The day before had become a national incident when segregationist Governor George C. Wallace had refused the demands of federal authorities and blocked the attendance of African American students.
The day before on Sept 9, four black students in Huntsville entered Fifth Avenue school to become the first children to desegregate schools in that town and the entire state. The first student to take that step was Sonnie Hereford IV, who is credited as the first black student to enroll in school in the state of Alabama.
On Sep 10, 2013, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of that day, Hereford and his father recreated the historic photo of them walking into the school.
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September 11, 1956 Cincinnati Reds outfielder Frank Robinson ties rookie record with his 38th HR
Mr. Robinson was a Baseball Hall of Fame outfielder who enjoyed a 20-year playing career with most notably the Reds (1956-65) and Orioles (1966-71).
Between 1956 and 1974 was a MLB All-Star on 14 occasions.
His playing No. 20 has been retired by the Cleveland, Cincinnati and Baltimore clubs.
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Dr. Mae Carol Jemison became the first African American woman to travel in space on September 12, 1992 aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour.
Jemison was selected as the first African American female candidate in the astronaut program by NASA on June 4, 1987. She added to her historic legacy when she participated in a space mission from September 12 to September 20, 1992 on STS-47 as a Mission Specialist.
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FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN RHODES SCHOLAR BORN
September 13, 1886
Writer, philosopher and the first African American Rhodes Scholar, Alain Locke born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Rhodes Scholarship is an international postgraduate award for students to study at the University of Oxford, in the UK.
Best known for his writings on and about the Harlem Renaissance. He is unofficially called the "Father of the Harlem Renaissance."
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September 14, 1955, Singer-Songwriter and Rock 'n' Roll Pioneer Little Richard records "Tutti Frutti" at J & M Studio in New Orleans, Louisiana
Little Richard was one of rock n' roll's most influential early performers. His sound and music went on to have a strong influence of such artists as The Beatles, Elvis Presley and James Brown.
πΆIn 1986 he became one of the 10 original inductees into the Rock n' Roll Hall of Fame.πΆ
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September 15, 1963βIn one of the most heartless terrorist attacks of the Civil Rights Movement, the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Ala., is bombed by White supremacists and Ku Klux Klan members.
Four little Black girls are killed. But instead of scaring African Americans into backing away from their demands, the act actually inspired the Civil Rights Movement.
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September 16, 1933ββEmperor Jonesβ is released on this day by United Artists. It starred social activist Paul Robeson as Brutus Jones. It was the first Hollywood film with a Black leading man and a White supporting cast.
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September 17, 1861βHampton Institute (now university) is established by leaders of the American Missionary Association (AMA) after the Civil War to provide education to freedmen.
Mary Smith Peake was hired as the first teacher and held the first class on September 17, 1861.
HU has now become one of the nationβs leading predominately Black educational institutions.
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September 18, 1919 β An American football pioneer, Fritz Pollard becomes the first Black person to play Professional football for a major team, the Akron Indians. Pollard was also the first Black man to play in the Rose Bowl and was the first African American coach.
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Sept. 19, 1963 β Iota Phi Theta Fraternity was founded on this year at Morgan State University.
Twelve men were influenced by the civil rights movement (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Black Panthers, Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael and more) in establishing the fraternity. It is one of the Divine 9, a collection of predominantly Black fraternities and sororities.
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September 20, 1664βMaryland enacts the nationβs first βAnti-Amalgamation Law.β It outlawed marriages between Black men and White women.
Soon, several other colonies followed it's example. It was not until the 1960s that SCOTUS in the famous Loving v. Virginia case declared all such laws un-Constitutional. In 2000 Alabama officially became the last state to strike from the books its law banning interracial marriages.
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September 21, 1872 ~1st Black Student At Annapolis Naval Academy
John Henry Conyers of South Carolina became the first Black student at Annapolis Naval Academy.
From the beginning, he met with difficulty, being subjected to all manner of hazing by his fellow midshipmen. He was cursed at, spat upon and physically manhandled. Some of his classmates even attempted to drown him. He later resigned.
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September 22, 1862 ~ President Abraham Lincoln issues a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, that set a date of January 1, 1863 to end slavery for more than 3 million enslaved people. The proclamation also recasts the Civil War as a fight against slavery.
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September 23, 1961, Thurgood Marshall was appointed by then-President John F. Kennedy to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, a position he held until 1965, when Kennedyβs successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, named him solicitor general.
Following the retirement of Justice Tom Clark in 1967, President Johnson appointed Marshall to the Supreme Court, a decision confirmed by the Senate with a 69-11 vote.
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September 24, 1935~Boxer Joe Louis becomes the first Black boxer to draw a million dollar gate. Louis captured his 22nd consecutive win over Max Baer with a fourth-round knockout.
Nicknamed "the Brown Bomber", he is widely regarded as one of the greatest boxers of all time. He was victorious in 25 consecutive title defenses, a record for all weight classes. He had the longest single reign as champion of any boxer in history.
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September 25, 1974~ Barbara Hancock (pictured center in the dark dress) became the first black woman in American history to become a White House Fellow. She was then an educated young lady who earned the prestigious fellowship after going through the general application process.
Hancockβs historic fellowship was made official by the administration of U.S. President Gerald Ford.
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September 26, 1962~Malvin Russell Goode became the first black network news correspondent when he was hired by ABC News as its UN reporter. This was prompted by complaints from Jackie Robinson about the lack of black reporters.
In 1971, he became the 1st Black member of the Radio and Television News Directors Association.
In 1990, the National Association of Black Journalists inducted Mr. Goode into its hall of fame.
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September 27, 1950βRalph J. Bunch is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his successful negotiation of an Arab-Israeli truce in Palestine the previous year.
He is the first African American to be awarded a Nobel Prize, and in 1963, in 1963, President John F. Kennedy honored him with the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
@nursefrombirth HBO has a great documentary on him. Amazing man.
@nursefrombirth yeah, they defined "brave". I can't imagine.
I remember some of these events. These kids were so brave, so courageous. In our family, it was received with both shame that integration had to be forced, and great admiration for the students.
Thank you for posting this.
@nursefrombirth We grew up in the same neighborhood in #Chicago
@ChrisPierson Amazing. She is pretty awesome. π₯°
Thank you for Black History Every Day!π
My pleasure. π₯°
@nursefrombirth Yes. She graduated with my bother from Morgan Park High School.
@ChrisPierson Super Cool π
@nursefrombirth π π π π
@nursefrombirth
My prayer this morning,
May their families hearts continue to heal and may we continue to work to prevent acts of hatred like this in the future.
More on the history of the church: https://www.16thstreetbaptist.org/our-history/
From Wikipedia, the names of the four girls: βThe four girls killed in the bombing (clockwise from top left) Addie Mae Collins (14), Cynthia Wesley (14), Carole Robertson (14), and Carol Denise McNair (11)β
I love these daily history segments so much. The ones I knew before, I'm glad I get to sit with again. The ones I didn't, I'm thankful to learn about for the first time. All make my world a more nuanced place.
Thank you for taking the time to post such fortifying reads. Even if much does not change in our ever-divisive and degrading world, we have *so* many examples in how to rise. If history can be thought of as a gift, it certainly is in these posts. π
@MLClark ππ½ Thank you for your heartfelt response! I'm excited to hear you're enjoying the Black History Every Day segments and finding them enriching.
A holistic view of History indeed offers invaluable lessons on resilience and rising above challenges. Your appreciation reaffirms the importance of understanding our past and moving forward to a brighter future. I'm grateful for your engagement and look forward to continuing to explore and learn together. ππ₯°
@nursefrombirth What a lovely photo to accompany the history lesson. As others have stated, thank you.
Not only a racist law, but sexist one, too.
I canβt imagine the drive & high achievement motivation anyone would have to endure Annapolis, much less as a ceiling shattering, norm denying man of color. I have a ton of admiration for Mr Conyers.
@nursefrombirth
Seems his descendants should be given support to attend their college of choice.
9 powerful quotes by Thurgood Marshall
https://www.biography.com/legal-figures/thurgood-marshall-quotes#
A favorite of mine:
βWhat is the quality your intent? Certain people have a way of saying things that shake us at the core. Even when the words do not seem harsh or offensive, the impact is shattering. What we could be experiencing is the intent behind the words. When we intend to do good, we do. When we intend to do harm, it happens. What each of us must come to realize is that our intent always comes through.β
@Esther Thanks for sharing.
@nursefrombirth It's always interesting how governments react to the universal tendency to pair up and have children regardless of arbitrary divisions (thereby eroding those divisions). The Mexican colonial government recognized 3 or 4 basic races and gave up on trying to keep them separate -- though it tried to have a distinct set of laws for each of them -- and ended up having to define more than a hundred varieties of mixed-race offspring. It'd be funny if it weren't so evil.
"Emperor Jones" is available on max.
@BrazenlyLiberal I watched it online as I was considering my segment for that day. I enjoyed the movie. Paul Robeson's portrayal was nothing short of legendary. π Thanks for chiming in π₯°
@nursefrombirth Never forget. And VOTE.
Outstanding.
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πΎ Arthur Ashe Becomes The First African American To Win The US Open Tennis ChampionshipπΎ
#History #BlackHistory