Rate limiting is sorted! I created a 5-minute timer for each exterior camera, and added a condition to the automation to only fire if a given camera's timer is idle. The timer then gets started after the notification is sent.
This way I'll only get one notification every five minutes for a given camera, but I'll still get notified if the person moves from one camera zone to another.
Here are some notes I wrote on how I'm now using #HomeAssistant to manage notifications from my Reolink security cameras:
https://runtimeterror.dev/automating-security-camera-notifications-with-home-assistant-and-ntfy/
I'm really happy with this setup now!