Black History Every Day
Today in Black History
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October 21, 1975 ~The Black Fashion Museum is opened in Harlem by Lois Alexander.
The museum traced the historical contributions of black designers and clothing makers to fashion.
Established in Harlem, it was relocated to Washington, D.C. in 1994 and operated until 2007, when the Black Fashion Museum Collection was accepted into the collections of the National Museum of African American History and Culture.
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October 22, 1953 ~ Clarence S. Green becomes the first African-American certified as a neurosurgeon.
Dr. Greene received his M.D. from Howard University with distinction in 1936. After 7 years of general surgery residency and 4 years as a professor of surgery at Howard, he was granted the opportunity by the legendary Wilder G. Penfield to train in neurosurgery at the world-renowned Montreal Neurological Institute from 1947 to 1949.
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October 23, 1947~NAACP sent βAn Appeal to the Worldβ to the UN. The petition, authored by W.E.B. Du Bois, charged the U.S. with systematic denial of civil and human rights to African Americans.
It stated, βWe appeal to the world to witness that this attitude of America is far more dangerous to mankind than the atom bomb; and far, far more clamorous for attention than disarmament or treaty.β
Black History Every Day
Today in Black History
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October 24, 1935ββMulattoβ opens on Broadway in New York City. The play, written by famed Black poet Langston Hughes, became the first long-run Black play on Broadway.
"Mulatto" is a tragic play about race issues in the American south. The play ran for 11 months and 373 performances. It is one of the earliest Broadway plays to combine father-son conflict with race issues.
Black History Every Day
Today in Black History
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October 25, 1958~ A. Philip Randolph, Jackie Robinson, Coretta Scott King, Harry Belafonte, and more led a Youth March for Integrated Schools in Washington, D.C. with over 10,000 participants.
March organizers also included Daisy Bates and NAACPβs Roy Wilkins. Belafonte led a delegation of the students to the White House to meet with President Eisenhower. They were turned away.
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October 26, 1977~Dr. Clifford Wharton Jr. named chancellor of the State University of NY. He was the first African-American to head the largest university system in the nation.
During his tenure, he achieved greater management flexibility, strengthened research capability, and improved the quality image of the university.
He was appointed Chancellor Emeritus on May 10, 2012 and served as US Deputy Sec of State under President Clinton.
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October 27, 1954 ~ B. O. Davis, Jr. becomes the first black general in the US Air Force. He followed in his father's footsteps in breaking racial barriers, as B. O. Davis Sr. was the 1st black brigadier general in the US Army.
Davis Jr, was also the Commander of the Tuskegee Airmen. Upon retirement he held the rank of lieutenant general and on December 9, 1998, President Clinton awarded him a 4th star, raising him to full general rank.
General Davis Sr.(Army) and General Davis Jr. (Air Force)
Prior to joining the Airforce Davis Jr was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Army. At the time he was commissioned, the Army had only two black officers who weren't chaplains β Benjamin O. Davis Sr. and Benjamin O. Davis Jr
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October 28, 1908 ~In 1905 the Western Colored Library opened at a private home in Louisville, KY. It was the first public library in the nation to serve and be fully operated by black residents. During that time, virtually all other public libraries around the country were closed to African Americans.
In 1908, the newly constructed Carnegie Library, fully funded by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, opened at its current location at 604 S 10th St.
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October 29, 1969 ~ SCOTUS ordered immediate school desegregation. This decision, known as Alexander v. Holmes County Board, came 15 years after the groundbreaking Brown v. Board ruling in 1954, which declared segregated public schools unconstitutional.
Despite the Brown decision, many Southern states continued to delay. This decision marked a crucial milestone in the ongoing struggle for civil rights and equal education.
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October 30, 1954 ~Dept of Defense announced elimination of all segregated regiments in the armed forces.
This was a crucial step in the process of desegregation and the broader civil rights movement. It was the result of an Executive Order signed by President Truman in 1948, which called for equality in the armed services, regardless of race.
Despite challenges, the military became more inclusive and diverse over the next decades.
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October 31, 1945 ~ Educator, Booker T. Washington, inducted into the Hall of Fame for Great Americans.
Washington was born a slave and rose to become a leading African American intellectual of the 19 century, founding Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (Now Tuskegee University) and the National Negro Business League. He advised Presidents Roosevelt and Taft and is remembered as the most influential African American speaker of his time.
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November 1, 1945 ~The 1st issue of Ebony magazine is published by John H. Johnson selling 25,000 copies.
After 71 years, in 2016, Johnson Publishing sold both Ebony and Jet, to a private equity firm called Clear View Group. The new publisher is known as Ebony Media Corporation. After the publication went bankrupt in July 2020, it was purchased for $14 million by Junior Bridgeman in December 2020.
https://myauctionfinds.com/2019/04/03/my-first-look-at-ebonys-first-issue-nov-1945/
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November 2, 1920 (Election Day) ~The Ocoee Massacre, the largest election-related massacre in the 20th Century. occurred in the town of Ocoee, Florida. This mass racial violence event that saw a white mob attack African-American residents was intended to keep black citizens from voting. Approximately 50 Blacks and two whites died in the violence and the entire Black community of Ocoee was forced to flee the town.
https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/the-ocoee-massacre-1920/
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November 3, 1992βCarol Moseley Braun, D-Ill., becomes the first Black woman elected to the US Senate.
Moseley Braun was also the first black U.S. Senator from the Democratic Party, the first woman to defeat an incumbent U.S. Senator in the primaries for the nomination by a major party, and the first female U.S. Senator from IL.
In January 2023, she was nominated by President Joe Biden to serve as chair of the US African Development Foundation
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November 4, 2008~Illinois Senator Barack Obama was elected the first African American President of the United States.
The man, his character, speaks volumes, and that's all I have to say about that.
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November 5, 1974 ~ George L. Brown becomes the Lieutenant Governor for Colorado, making him the first black Lieutenant Governor in the US.
Brown served on the Colorado State Senate for 18 years. He was also the first Black editor to work for a major daily newspaper in the Rocky Mountains, and the first black corporate officer in a major US aerospace company.
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November 6, 1900βJames Weldon Johnson composes βLift Evβry Voice And Sing.β The song becomes the βBlack National Anthem.β In 1920, Johnson becomes the first Black head of the NAACP.
The Beautiful Lyrics π₯°πͺπ½
Lift Every Voice And Sing
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November 7, 1841 ~ SUCCESSFUL MUTINY ON THE CREOLE SLAVE SHIP
Madison Washington, a slave aboard the the Creole, a slave ship en route to New Orleans, from Hampton, VA leads a successful rebellion. After 128 slaves overpowered their crew they sailed to the Bahamas, where they were granted asylum and freedom.
Because of the number of people eventually freed, the Creole mutiny was the most successful slave revolt in US history.
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November 8, 1938 ~ Crystal Bird Fauset becomes the 1st black woman elected to a state legislature in the U.S. acquiring this distinction by being named to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
Her accomplishments for African American people earned her a Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission Marker. It was unveiled in 1991 and can be found outside her old home on 5402 Vine Street in Philadelphia.
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November 9, 1868βThe Howard University Medical Schoolβthe first designed to train Black medical personnelβopens in Washington, D.C.
There were eight students in the first class seven were black and one was white.
James T. Wormley became the first student to graduate from the school of medicine in 1870.
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/howard-university-medical_n_4242268
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November 10, 1957βCharlie Sifford wins the Long Beach Open, becoming the first Black person to win a major professional golf tournament.
Sifford was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2004, the first African-American so honored. In May 2011 Charlotteβs old Revolution Park Golf Course, which for years was off limits to Black players was renamed after him and in 2014, was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Obama
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November 11, 1989 ~Civil Rights Memorial is dedicated in Montgomery, AL
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November 12, 1922~ Sigma Gamma Rho, Sorority Inc. founded by seven young educators and established at Butler University in Indianapolis, IN, a predominately white campus.
The sorority has more than 500 chapters in the United States, Bahamas, Bermuda, Canada, Germany, South Korea, U.S. Virgin Islands, and the United Arab Emirates.
The sorority's slogan is "Greater Service, Greater Progress"
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November 13, 1940 ~Supreme Court ruled in Hansberry v.Lee that whites can't bar blacks from white neighborhoods. Carl Hansberry, a Black businessman, courageously challenged the discriminatory practices of the a Chicago Property Owners' Association by acquiring a building. Faced with backlash, a lawsuit was filed against him The legal battle reached the SCOTUS in 1940, where a pivotal decision was made, overturning the previous ruling.
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November 14, 1960 ~ At just six years old, Ruby Bridges became the first Black child to desegregate the all-white William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans during the desegregation crisis.
Federal marshals had to escort Ruby, as she was faced with throngs of angry white protestors restrained by barricades.
Today, she is a Civil Rights Icon, Activist, Author, and Speaker.
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November 15, 1894 ~ The Freedmenβs Hospital School of Nursing was founded for AfricanβAmericans by Black surgeon Dr. Daniel Hale Williams.
The hospital trained Black medical professionals after slavery and during segregation, when Blacks were not allowed to train with whites at other institutions.
In 1967, Congress transferred Freedmenβs to Howard University where it was converted into the Howard University College of Nursing in 1969.
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November 16, 2001 ~ Agbani Darego is crowned Miss World becoming the first Black African to win the coveted beauty pageant. She was from the oil-rich West African nation of Nigeria.
Darego has since judged numerous pageants and modelling competitions, and launched a both a fashion reality show and her denim range, AD by Agbani Darego, which includes jeans, dresses, sunglasses and bags.
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November 17, 1972 ~ Barbara Jordan was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, the first woman elected in her own right to represent Texas in the House. She retired in 1979 after serving three terms.
After leaving office, Jordan received the Nelson Mandela Award for Health and Human Rights in 1993, and a Presidential Medal of Freedom, presented by President Bill Clinton in 1994.
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November 18, 1949 ~ NL batting leader (.342) Jackie Robinson wins NL MVP.
In 1962, he was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame, becoming the first African American to receive that honor.
Robinson's jersey number, 42, was retired by all MLB teams in 1997, a first in the history of the league, meaning that no player from any team would ever wear the number again.
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November 19, 2019 ~LeBron James hits 25 points, 11 rebounds & 10 assists as LA Lakers' beat Oklahoma City Thunder, 112-107 to become first player in NBA history to record a triple-double against all 30 franchises.
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One of his many records and accomplishments.
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November 20, 1962 ~Pres #JFK mandates end to housing discrimination through Exec Order 11063 which banned federally funded housing agencies from denying mortgages to any person based on race, color, creed or national origin.
This was an important symbolic step in curbing de facto segregation in U.S. housing, however, no legal teeth were attached to the order until Pres Johnson, signed Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act in 1968.
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November 21, 1934 ~ At the age of 17, Ella Fitzgerald makes her singing debut at the Apollo Theatre in Harlem, NY.
Within a year of winning she had been discovered by Chick Webb, to whose band she was legally paroled by the State of New York while still shy of her 18th birthday.
It was with this band that she scored her career-making hit, βA-Tisket A-Tasketβ in 1938, but it was as a solo performer that she would become a jazz legend.
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November 22, 1993 ~ George Branham III becomes the first African American to win a major bowling championship at the Tournament of Champions, the PBAβs premiere event of the season.
Branham professional bowling career got off to a quick start as he achieved eight consecutive tournament wins between 1985 and 1987 including the Brunswick Memorial World Open in 1986 where he became the first African American to win a major PBA event.
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November 23, 1990 ~ The Piano Lesson, a play by August Wilson, wins the Pulitzer Prize for drama.
Set in 1936 Pittsburgh during the aftermath of the Great Depression, The Piano Lesson follows the lives of the Charles family and an heirloom, the family piano, which is decorated with designs carved by an enslaved ancestor. The play focuses on the arguments between a brother and a sister who have different ideas on what to do with the piano.
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November 24, 2021 ~ Three men were convicted of murder in the killing of Ahmaud Arbery, a Black man who was running through a Georgia subdivision in February 2020 when the white strangers chased him, trapped him on a quiet street and blasted him with a shotgun.
All three were convicted of felony murder, aggravated assault, false imprisonment, and criminal attempt to commit false imprisonment.
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November 25, 1955 ~ In a landmark civil rights case, Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company, the Inter-state Commerce Commission ruled that racial segregation on inter-state trains and passenger buses must end by January 10, 1956. It also ruled that segregation of inter-state travelers in public waiting-rooms is unlawful.
@nursefrombirth My father one time found an old train depot that had been moved for some reason on to an old farmers land decades before.
He was a home health nurse and wandered all over the south west.
It was from the days of segragation. He took us there, and the old stenciled notices were still on the door.
Itβs something Iβve never forgotten. What stood out most prominently for me was how small the places were for non white folk, and how their boarding area was called a loading dock
Thank you for sharing this personal and moving memory. Personal encounters with history are invaluable in understanding the depth of the struggle and the resilience of those who endured.
Your father's act of preserving that moment allows us all to reflect on the progress we've made and the journey that still lies ahead toward equality and justice. Oh yeah, NURSES ROCK π₯°
Really appreciate you adding to this conversation. π€ππ½
@nursefrombirth thank you ! It means so much to me that I had something valuable to contribute. There was and probably still is a lot of ambient racism in the community I grew up in. My former Church ran out our pastor when I was in high school for interfaith services with Black and Hispanic churches. It shocked me and sent me running from that place.
It was all hidden though, whispers behind closed doors but that place it was so unabashed and out in the open. Iβll never forget it.