@MLClark Since it's "my" favorite ...
Vanguard TV-3, December 6, 1957. It failed seconds after liftoff. If it had worked, it would have placed an inert six-pound ball in orbit. Although it wouldn't operate, technically it would have been the first U.S. satellite.
Because of that failure, von Braun got the green light to launch Explorer 1 on January 31, 1958. He became a hero.
If TV-3 had worked, maybe von Braun doesn't launch, and certainly doesn't become a hero.